Factory Town Grabber: Uncovering the History of Nelson, Lancashire

Nelson, a town in Lancashire, has a rich history that is deeply rooted in its industrial past. In the 19th century, Nelson experienced rapid growth and transformation from a small hamlet to a thriving weaving centre. The town's development was driven by the textile industry, which played a significant role in shaping the region's economy.

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, Nelson was a small rural community with a population of only 154 households, according to a poll taken in 1660. The majority of the population survived on marginal farming and domestic production of woollen textiles. However, with the advent of industrialization, the town underwent significant changes.

In the 19th century, Nelson became one of the fastest-growing towns in Lancashire, with the highest rate of growth in all of north east Lancashire. By 1891, it had become the fourth-largest weaving centre in the region. The textile industry was characterized by small-scale manufacturers operating between 100 and 500 looms, with only three operating more than 1000.

The 'room and power' system, where business owners paid rent for space and access to power from the mill engine, was a common practice during this period. This system allowed small businesses to operate efficiently and contributed to the town's rapid growth.

Despite its industrial success, Nelson lacked prominent individuals who could oversee the development of the town. However, the Ecroyd family, who owned the woollen mill Lomeshaye, built 'model' housing for their workers, which was a rare example of enlightened urban planning in the 19th century.

Nelson's history is also closely tied to the story of Saltaire, a UNESCO world heritage site located just outside the town. Built by Sir Titus Salt in the mid-19th century, Saltaire was a model village that combined quality housing, employment, recreation, education facilities, and social services. The village contained a school for children, almshouses, allotments, a park, and a boathouse, as well as a hospital, institute for recreation and education, and separate mills.

The textile industry not only shaped the economy of England's north but also created entirely new towns and cities. Nelson is a prime example of this, transforming from a small hamlet to a thriving weaving centre in just a few decades.

In conclusion, Nelson's history is a testament to the power of industrialization and its impact on shaping the region's economy. From its humble beginnings as a small rural community to its transformation into a thriving textile town, Nelson's story is one of growth, development, and innovation.

Factory town grabber